What is diabetes?

Diabetes is a condition that affects how your body processes blood sugar (glucose), which is the main source of energy for your body’s cells.

Your body uses a hormone called insulin, produced by the pancreas, to help glucose from food get into your cells. In diabetes:

• Your body doesn’t make enough insulin, or
• Your body can’t use insulin effectively, or
• Both of the above
   

This causes glucose to build up in the bloodstream instead of being used for energy, leading to high blood sugar levels.

Type 1 Diabetes

• Autoimmune condition — the body attacks insulin-producing cells in the pancreas
• Usually diagnosed in children and young adults
• Requires insulin injections for life
   

Type 2 Diabetes

• The body becomes resistant to insulin or doesn't produce enough 
• More common in adults but increasing in children 
• Often managed with lifestyle changes, oral medications, and sometimes insulin
   

Gestational Diabetes

• Occurs during pregnancy 
• Usually temporary but can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes later
   

Other Types

• Less common 
• May result from genetic conditions, surgery, medications, or other health disorders

• Frequent urination 
• Increased thirst
• Fatigue
• Blurred vision
• Slow wound healing
• Unexplained weight loss (especially in Type 1)

If not managed properly, diabetes can lead to serious complications such as:

• Heart disease
• Kidney damage 
• Nerve damage 
• Vision problems 
• Foot ulcers or amputations

With the right treatment, regular monitoring, and a healthy lifestyle, people with diabetes can live long, healthy lives!